Property:Processing error message

Showing 20 pages using this property.
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Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "The cathodic transfer coefficient αc is defined as –(RT/nF)(dlnkc /dE), where kc is the electroreduction rate constant, E is the applied potential, and R, T, and F have their usual significance. This definition is equivalent to the other, -(RT/nF)(dln|jc |/dE), where jc is the cathodic current density corrected for any changes in the reactant concentration at the electrode surface with respect to its bulk value.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers).@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process., Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. More than one numeral stands for the same number. In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves.

A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting).

Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

, Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: - symbols: that stand for an object through convention - indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity - icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process).

For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class.

An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

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Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity.

Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state.

e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant).@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "This term is used in dynamic voltammetric techniques providing a peak-shaped current response (linear-sweep voltammetry, triangular-wave voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, AC voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, square-wave voltammetry, stripping voltamme- try and derivative techniques).@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "\Lambda_m^0 = (F^2/(R*T)) * (v_{+} * z_{+}^2 * D_{+} + v_{–} * z_{–}^2 * D_{–})@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units. When the numerical factor of this product is one, the derived units are called coherent derived units. The base and coherent derived units of the SI form a coherent set, designated the set of coherent SI units.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "Metrology includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application.

-- International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "All physical quantities, with the exception of counts, are derived quantities, which may be written in terms of base quantities according to the equations of physics. The dimensions of the derived quantities are written as products of powers of the dimensions of the base quantities using the equations that relate the derived quantities to the base quantities. In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product,

dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η

where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. (SI brochure)@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

, Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "The conventional symbolic representation of the dimension of a base quantity is a single upper case letter in roman (upright) type. The conventional symbolic representation of the dimension of a derived quantity is the product of powers of the dimensions of the base quantities according to the definition of the derived quantity. The dimension of a quantity Q is denoted by dim Q. ISO 80000-1@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.,

Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "The expression used by the EMMO for physical dimensions is a metrological symbol (but a string at meta level, i.e. the ontologist level) like this:

Ta Lb Mc Id Θe Nf Jg

where a, b, c, d, e, f and g are 0 or signed integers.

Regex for the physical dimension symbol for the EMMO is: ^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$

Examples of correspondance between base units and physical dimensions are: mol -> T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 s -> T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles.

For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "While a 'Quantum' is a-tomistic in time and space, an 'elementary' is a-tomistic only in space, recalling the concept of elementary particle.

According to mereology, this should be call 'a-tomistic' in the strict etimological sense of the word (from greek, a-tomos: un-divisible).

Mereology based on such items is called atomistic mereology.

However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in which an atom is a divisible physical entity) we prefer to call it 'elementary', recalling the concept of elementary particle coming from the standard particles model.

A causal chain is an object which is an (ordered) causal sequence of quantum objects that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain).@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory.

"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21).

The triadic elements: - 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) - 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) - 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to)

This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object'@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process., Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Fre- quently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt = f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "Measurement uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure.

For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols).@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "The CPE was first described by Adams in 1958. A CPE is typically housed in a Teflon holder, contacted by a conductive wire (occasionally a piston is used to renew the surface by extrusion of the used paste). Problems are long-term stability of the paste and that the binder can influence its properties.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process., Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "These electrodes can easily be chemically modified by the incorporation of reagents (electrocatalysts, redox mediators, complexation agents, enzymes, etc.) and by the attachment of micro- or nanoparticles to prepare electrochemical sensors for analytical applications.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "These electrodes can easily be chemically modified by the incorporation of reagents (electrocatalysts, redox mediators, complexation agents, enzymes, etc.) and by the attachment of micro- or nanoparticles to prepare electrochemical sensors for analytical applications.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.