Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): - object (focus on spatial configuration) - process (focus on temporal evolution)
The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time.
For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates.
Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist.
This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17).
The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level.
On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter.
For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation.
The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s.
In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign).@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "A physical object expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum objects. It must at least provide two temporal parts.
Physical object temporal parts must be always self-connected. In other words, a physical object is convex with respect to the connectivity relation.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor).
Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities.
This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes).
For example, an output is a part (a role or the final stage) of a process, but its specific nature as a whole (e.g. car, service) is categorized under the whole class branch.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions.
See Shape4x3Matrix as an example.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "A chemical entity comprises the two different ways to represents matter: as single recognizable particle entity (molecular entity) and as a composition of particle entities (substance).
This distinction is not well assessed in actual chemical nomenclature, in which an element name refers to both the pure elemental substance or the atom.
In the EMMO we force the adoption of a more strict categorization based on mereotopology.
The class Material hosts the subclasses for which a substance can be identified without necessarily considering its nature of molecule/atom or substance (e.g. hydrocarbon is the class of both hydrocarbon molecules or gases).@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.