]> 2026-04-09T13:12:43+02:00 Persistence 14 en The union of the object or process classes. Persistence e04884d9-eda6-487e-93d5-7722d7eda96b Persistence 2023-04-21T06:28:35Z 2460055.7698495 OSWe04884d9eda6487e93d57722d7eda96b 14 en OSWe04884d9eda6487e93d57722d7eda96b#Persistence;en Persistence 14 200 1 plainlist 2 [[HasObject::Category:OSWe04884d9eda6487e93d57722d7eda96b]] OSWe04884d9eda6487e93d57722d7eda96b# QUERYd8f01920cf3a919253a508731644a4dc 14 [2,"smw-datavalue-wikipage-property-invalid-title","HasComment","The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object):\n- object (focus on spatial configuration)\n- process (focus on temporal evolution)\n\nThe concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. \n\nFor this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object\/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates.\n\nNevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist.\n\nThis perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity \u201cdo really exist\u201d. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17).\n\nThe distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN\/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude.@en"] OSWe04884d9eda6487e93d57722d7eda96b# ERR0cf8c53d7c740a4d5c6eafb6f7e19495 Object 14 en OSW90ae56e4d19749b6be1a0049e4756606 Process 14 en OSW43e9a05d98af41b492f600f79a09bfce SubClassOf 102 en SubClassOf