Property:Processing error message
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need of a granularity hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole space-time object and on its space-time parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part.
This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model.
Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
,Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind.
For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind.
However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only.
For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides.
As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m).@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
, …Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses).
Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. (Wikipedia)@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "Direct partitions declaration is a choice of the ontologist that choses the classes to be used as direct parts, according to its own world view.
A 'State' can always be direct partitioned in 'Elementary'-s and 'Void' or 'Physical'.
e.g. the water in my glass can be seen as a single object without declaring direct parts, or as made of H2O molecules direct parts.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
,Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "The definition of 'State' implies that its spatial direct parts (i.e. 'physicals') are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in a 'State' is constant.
This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the 'State' direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself.
There is no change in granularity or cardinality of direct parts of a 'State'.
The use of spatial direct parthood in 'State' definition means that a 'State' cannot overlap in space another 'State'.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
,Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "The usefulness of 'State' is that it makes it possible to describe the evolution in time of an 'Existent' in terms of series of 'State'-s that can take into account the disappearance or appearance of parts within a 'Physical'.
A 'State' is a recognizable granularity level of matter, in the sense that its direct parts do not appear or disappear within its lifetime as it can be for a generic 'Existent'.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
, …Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B).
Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "The geometric area, A_{geom} , is the interfacial area, determined on the assumption that the interface is truly flat (2-dimensional) and calculated using the geometric data of the involved surfaces.
The real (true) area, A_{real}, takes into account non-idealities of the interface (roughness, porosity, etc.) and can be measured by a variety of electrochemical methods. The electroactive area is the area calculated from experiments with model electroactive species and may be different from the real surface area in cases where not all of the surface is electrochemically active or accessible.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space).
'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation.
This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels.
e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
,Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time.
By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual.
Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
,Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'.
Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value ""Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations."
"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra."
https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.
,Property "HasComment" (as page type) with input value "While the SI brochure treats 'MeasurementUnit' as a 'PhysicalQuantity', in the EMMO this is not possible since the latter always has two direct parts, a 'Numerical' and a 'MeasurementUnit', while the former a single 'Symbol'.
SI distinguishes between a quantity (an abstract concept) and the quantity value (a number and a reference). The EMMO, following strict nominalism, considers a SI quantity as a SI quantity value, collapsing the two concepts into one: the 'Quantity'.
So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but a 'MeasurementUnit', while the string "1 kg" is 'Physical Quantity'.@en" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.